ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Identificar na literatura indicações e controvérsias do ATP bioluminescência para avaliação da efetividade da limpeza de superfícies em estabelecimentos de saúde. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, entre 2000 e 2012, nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, Science Direct, SCOPUS e Isi Web of Knowledge. Resultados: Selecionou-se para esta revisão 15 artigos. O ATP bioluminescência foi apontado como importante recurso educacional e método complementar à inspeção visual e às análises microbiológicas na avaliação da efetividade da limpeza. A impossibilidade de indicar a contaminação da superfície por micro-organismos viáveis, a interferência por substâncias químicas e a dificuldade de interpretação dos resultados constituem as principais controvérsias para o uso deste nos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Apesar de constituir importante recurso na avaliação da limpeza de superfícies, mais estudos são necessários para incorporação efetiva do método nos serviços de saúde. .
Objective: To identify indications and controversies in the literature of the use of ATP bioluminescence to evaluate the effectiveness of surface cleaning in healthcare facilities. Method: Integrative literature review between 2000 and 2012 in the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, Science Direct, SCOPUS and Isi Web of Knowledge. Results: were selected for this review 15 articles. The ATP bioluminescence was considered an important educational resource and complementary method to visual inspection and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of cleaning. The impossibility to indicate surface contamination by microorganisms, interference by chemicals and the difficulty of interpreting the results constitute the main controversies in the use of ATP in health services. Conclusion: Although this is an important resource in the evaluation of surface cleaning, more studies are necessary for effective incorporation of the method in health services. .
Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura las indicaciones y controversias sobre el uso de la bioluminiscencia ATP para evaluar la eficacia de la limpieza de superficies en los servicios de salud. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, entre 2000 y 2012, en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE, LILACS, Science Direct, SCOPUS e ISI Web of Knowledge. Resultados: Se seleccionaron para esta revisión 15 artículos. La bioluminiscencia del ATP se considera un importante recurso educativo y método complementario a la inspección visual y la análisis microbiológica de la evaluación de la efectividad de la limpieza. La imposibilidad de indicar contaminación de la superficie por los microorganismos, la interferencia por los productos químicos y la dificultad de interpretar los resultados constituyen las principales controversias en la utilización de ATP en los servicios de salud. Conclusión: Aunque esto es un elemento importante en la evaluación de limpieza de superficies, se necesitan más estudios para incorporación eficaz del método en los servicios de salud. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives , Floxuridine/pharmacology , Intestines/drug effects , Prodrugs/pharmacology , Deoxycytidine/pharmacology , Floxuridine/metabolism , Floxuridine/toxicity , Fluorouracil/metabolism , Fluorouracil/pharmacology , Fluorouracil/toxicity , Mice, Inbred Strains , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Prodrugs/toxicityABSTRACT
Oxidative stress plays critical roles in airway inflammation that is usually accompanied by increased vascular permeability and plasma exudation. VEGF increases vascular permeability and leads to airway inflammation. In addition, VEGF has been shown to enhance receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) expression in endothelial cells. An aim of the study was to determine the potential role of antioxidant in the regulation of RANK expression in murine model of asthma. We have used a C57BL/6 mouse model of allergic asthma to evaluate the effect of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC), a prodrug of cysteine, which acts as an antioxidant, and VEGF receptor inhibitor on RANK mRNA expression. The mice develop the following pathophysiological features of asthma in the lungs: increased expression of RANK mRNA, increased number of inflammatory cells of the airways, increased vascular permeability, and increased levels of VEGF. Administration of OTC and VEGF receptor inhibitor markedly reduced plasma extravasation and VEGF levels in allergen-induced asthmatic lungs. We also showed that the increased RANK mRNA expression at 72 h after ovalbumin inhalation were reduced by the administration of OTC or VEGF receptor inhibitor. The results indicate that OTC and VEGF receptor inhibitor which inhibit up-regulation of VEGF expression modulate RANK expression that may be in association with the regulation of vascular permeability, and suggest that VEGF may regulate the RANK expression. These findings provide a crucial molecular mechanism for the potential use of antioxidants to prevent and/or treat asthma and other airway inflammatory disorders.
Subject(s)
Mice , Female , Animals , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis , Thiazolidines , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Prodrugs/pharmacology , Phosphorylation/drug effects , Ovalbumin/immunology , Osteoprotegerin , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Immunohistochemistry , Glycoproteins/genetics , Gene Expression/drug effects , Capillary Permeability/drug effects , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry , Blotting, Western , Asthma/drug therapy , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The curcumin prodrugs, which could be selectively activated in tumor cells, were prepared to establish a basis for the targeted chemotherapy for cancer. On the basis of the molecular structure of curcumin, the N-maleoyl-L-valine-curcumin (NVC), N-maleoyl- glycine-curcumin (NGC) were chemically synthesized and identified by IR and NMR spectroscopy. After treatment with these two prodrugs for 6 - 24 h, the rates of growth inhibition on human bladder cancer EJ cells and renal tubular epithelial (HKC) cells were detected by MTT colorimetry. Our results showed that after the treatment with 20 micromol/L - 40 micromol/L NVC and NGC for 6 - 24 h, the growth inhibitory effects on EJ cells were 6.71% - 65.13% (P < 0.05), 10.96% - 73.01% (P < 0.05), respectively, in both dose- and time-dependent manners. When compared with the curcumin of same concentrations, the growth inhibitory effects of these two prodrugs on HKC cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). It is concluded that activation of curcumin prodrugs via hydrolysis functions of cellular esterase could inhibit the growth activities of tumor cells, and reduce the side effects on normal diploid cells. This provided a novel strategy for further exploration of tumor-targeted chemotherapeutic drugs.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Curcumin/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Prodrugs/chemical synthesis , Prodrugs/pharmacology , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Sobre una población escolar de 11,791 estudiantes se valuó 2,260 niños de educación primaria de colegios nacionales ubicados en zonas urbano-marginales de Lima. Fueron estudiados 1580 niños con problemas de aprendizaje. Se revisó las alteraciones psicológicas, neurológicas y el cociente intelectual de 340 niños diagnosticados como Disfunción Cerebral Mínima y se analizó la respuesta farmacológica a un preparado considerado como precursor gabaérgico. Los parámetros comparativos fueron: síntomas neurológicos, alteraciones de la conducta, signos neurológicos menores y alteraciones de la esfera emocional. Como grupo de control se contó con un grupo de niños con igual diagnóstico que recibieron sólo tratamiento neuropsicológico. El tratamiento con precursores gabaérgicos produjo resultados favorables en algunas de las esferas del síndrome de Disfunción Cerebral Mínima.